Upper Tier vs Lower Tier COMAH Sites: Key Differences

Industrial refinery facility with workers in safety gear inspecting equipment, large storage tanks, pipelines, and a tanker truck during operations at a coastal site.

Two specialty chemicals establishments sit four miles apart on the coastal corridor where I run process-safety assurance. One holds around 280 tonnes of a flammable liquid plus two named toxic intermediates above their lower thresholds; the other holds nearly double that inventory, including an acutely toxic intermediate that tips it above the upper threshold. On … Read more

COMAH Safety Report: What It Must Contain

Two industrial workers in safety gear review blueprints on an elevated platform at a petrochemical refinery, overlooking storage tanks, pipelines, and processing equipment.

TL;DR Regulation 8 of the Control of Major Accident Hazards Regulations 2015 does not offer a polite suggestion. It states that the operator of an upper-tier establishment must prepare a safety report and must not construct, operate, or significantly modify that establishment until the Competent Authority has communicated its conclusions on it. Two winters ago … Read more

10 Night Shift Safety Tips Every Worker Should Follow

Two workers in high-visibility safety gear discuss operations at a nighttime port facility with stacked shipping containers, a cargo handler, and industrial cranes illuminated by floodlights.

The study wasn’t about drunk drivers. It was about night-shift workers heading home after a normal shift — no alcohol, no drugs, no medications. After a night of sleep, the near-crash rate across their test drives was zero. After a night shift, 37.5% of those drives produced a near-crash event, and every single one of … Read more

Lone Working on Night Shifts: Risks and Safety Tips

A man in a dark polo shirt stands at a pharmacy counter reviewing paperwork, with a barcode scanner in hand, shelves of medication boxes visible behind him and a display showing "TIME DELAY ACTIVE.

TL;DR Lone working on night shifts is a compound hazard: fatigue lowers hazard detection, isolation delays rescue, and low-witness conditions amplify violence exposure. Safe operation requires a specific risk assessment, scheduled check-ins, engineered controls such as lighting and CCTV, administrative limits on shift length, and a dedicated lone-worker device as the last line of defence. … Read more

Safe Isolation Procedure: Step-by-Step Guide (10 Steps)

Electrician wearing safety gear working on electrical panel with circuit breakers and wiring in an industrial facility.

TL;DR Safe isolation is the controlled process of disconnecting electrical equipment from every source of supply, physically securing that disconnection with a lock and tag, and verifying the circuit is dead using GS38-compliant test equipment at the point of work — a legal duty under the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 and equivalent standards internationally. … Read more

Pre-Construction Information (PCI): CDM 2015 Complete Guide

Three construction workers in hard hats and safety vests review blueprints and a digital tablet at a table on an unfinished building floor with city views.

Regulation 4(4) of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 is eight lines long. It contains no schedule, no appendix, no weighting formula — just a flat instruction that the client must provide pre-construction information to every designer and contractor being considered for appointment, as soon as is practicable. On the refurbishment projects I work … Read more

Shift Work Safety: Health Effects and Control Measures

03:12 in the control room. The screens throw a dim blue wash over four operators holding a continuous caster that hasn’t stopped running in seventeen days. Between roughly 2 and 5 a.m., the human body drops into its deepest biological trough of the day. Core temperature falls. Melatonin peaks. Reaction time slows. On a 24/7 … Read more

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD): Risks and Prevention Guide

Industrial worker in orange safety suit and hard hat operating equipment in a modern manufacturing facility with stainless steel tanks and blue piping systems.

There is a moment during a FIBC discharge into a glass-lined reactor when the air above the receiving chute feels electrically loaded. Fine organic powder cascades in a continuous stream, and the particles scrape past each other at velocities that generate charge faster than it can bleed to ground. The operator’s gloved hand rests on … Read more

Static Electricity in Flammable Environments: Safety Guide

Two workers in hard hats and blue uniforms perform maintenance on industrial equipment in a large warehouse facility with steel beams, piping, and control panels.

A 200-litre steel drum sits on a scale in the filling bay. A half-conductive hose is lowered through a dip pipe to the bung. When toluene starts moving at four metres per second through thirty metres of pipework, positive and negative charges separate as the fluid shears past the pipe walls. Within seconds the drum’s … Read more

Grounding and Bonding: How to Prevent Static Discharge

Two technicians in blue uniforms perform maintenance on an industrial metal drum positioned on a yellow spill pallet in a warehouse facility, with a green status indicator light visible on the wall.

On 17 July 2007, a driver at a solvent distribution terminal opened a fill line to transfer VM&P naphtha into a 15,000-gallon above-ground storage tank. It was routine — the terminal had run the same transfer thousands of times before. Inside the tank, a float on the level-gauge linkage had worked loose over years of … Read more